{"id":53077,"date":"2016-09-30T11:27:00","date_gmt":"2016-09-30T16:27:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-legal\/supreme\/legal-commentary\/silencing-student-speech-and-even-artwork-in-the-post-columbine-era.html"},"modified":"2016-09-30T11:27:00","modified_gmt":"2016-09-30T16:27:00","slug":"silencing-student-speech-and-even-artwork-in-the-post-columbine-era","status":"publish","type":"supreme","link":"https:\/\/supreme.findlaw.com\/legal-commentary\/silencing-student-speech-and-even-artwork-in-the-post-columbine-era.html","title":{"rendered":"Silencing Student Speech &#8212; And Even Artwork &#8212; in the Post-Columbine Era"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7  fl-block-columns fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-page-articles   fl-block-column fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\">\n        \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<table width=\"95\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"5\" align=\"left\">\n<tr>\n<td width=\"16%\"><a href=\"#bio\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://supreme.findlaw.com/static/f/images\/writ\/david.hudson.jpg\" border=\"0\"><\/a><\/td>\n          <td class=\"wititle\"><h1>Silencing Student Speech &#8212; And Even Artwork &#8212; in the Post-Columbine Era: <br><span class=\"subtitle\">The Relevant Supreme Court Cases, and How They Have Been Misapplied <\/span><\/h1><\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td class=\"wiauthor\"><a href=\"#bio\" class=\"graybold\"><h2>By DAVID L. HUDSON, JR.<\/h2><\/a><\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td class=\"widate\">Thursday, Mar. 04, 2004<\/td>\n\n        <\/tr>\n      <\/table>\n      <span class=\"smalltext\"><p>\tPublic school officials face a daunting task: Ensuring safe schools in the age of Columbine. The rash of school shootings in recent years &#8212; including the April 1999 horror at Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado &#8212; shows that danger does exist from certain disturbed, alienated, and disaffected youth. <\/p> <p>\tHowever, the response among many school officials has been to overreact by infringing on students&#8217; constitutional rights. <\/p> <p>One recent federal district court judge wrote that in the wake of Columbine &#8220;some schools became like war zones and metal detectors and police officers became commonplace on high school campuses throughout the country.&#8221; Unsurprisingly, Fourth Amendments rights, and student privacy, both suffered. <\/p> <p>\tMeanwhile, First Amendment rights have often also been squelched. School officials have turned to zero tolerance policies with respect to certain types of speech they deemed offensive; to anti-bullying codes; and to more restrictive dress codes &#8212; all in the hopes of somehow preventing the next Columbine. <\/p> <p>\tCertainly, school officials should look for warning signs among disaffected youth. Students who convey true threats should be closely monitored and punished. But some school officials have overreacted, silencing student speech that is neither genuinely threatening, nor genuinely disruptive. <\/p> <b><\/b><p>Examples of How School Administrators Have Overreacted<\/p> <p>Indeed, as Professors Robert Richards and Clay Calvert write in a recent Boston University law review article: &#8220;Quite simply, the events at Columbine gave high school administrators all the reasons &#8212; legitimate or illegitimate &#8212; they needed to trounce the First Amendment rights of public school students in the name of preventing violence.&#8221; <\/p> <p>If you doubt it, consider the following: <\/p> <ul> <li>An honor-roll high school student in Kansas was suspended for writing a poem entitled &#8220;Who Killed My Dog.&#8221; School officials determined the poem to be a threat. <\/li><\/ul> <ul> <li>A kindergartener in New Jersey was suspended from school for saying &#8220;I&#8217;m going to shoot you&#8221; on the playground while playing cops and robbers with his classmates. <\/li><\/ul> <ul> <li>A high-school student in Oklahoma was suspended for a poem she wrote about her teacher that she never showed to anyone. The poem fell out of her backpack and was shown to school authorities by another student. <\/li><\/ul> <ul> <li>A middle-school student in Arkansas was expelled for making terroristic threats because of a graphically violent poem he wrote about his ex-girlfriend. However, the student never brought the poem to school. His &#8220;friend&#8221; stole the poem from his room and showed it to the ex-girlfriend. <\/li><\/ul> <ul> <li>A sixth-grader in Texas was put in juvenile detention for writing a Halloween, class-project essay about a student who kills fellow students and a teacher. <\/li><\/ul> <ul> <li>Also in Texas, school officials &#8212; ironically &#8212; disciplined students for wearing black armbands to mourn the victims of Columbine and to protest overly restrictive school policies.<\/li><\/ul> <p>\tIn each of these cases, it appears that student First Amendment rights were violated. In each, speech that did not pose a genuine threat or risk a substantial disruption &#8212; which are the relevant legal tests, as I will explain &#8212; was nevertheless censored and\/or punished. <\/p> <b><\/b><p>\n<!-- MIDDLE AD PLACEHOLDER -->\nThe Supreme Court Has Protected Student First Amendment Rights<\/p>  <p>Some school districts seem to believe that public school students simply have no First Amendment right. But as long ago as 1969, in <a href=\"https:\/\/caselaw.findlaw.com\/court\/us-supreme-court\/393\/503.html\" class=\"left-link\" rel=\"noopener\"><i>Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District<\/i><\/a>, the Supreme Court made very clear that they do. <\/p> <p>There, school officials tried to prohibit students from wearing black armbands to protest the Vietnam War. In explaining why the students&#8217; First Amendment rights had been violated, Justice Abe Fortas wrote that &#8220;undifferentiated fear or apprehension of disturbance is not enough to overcome the right to freedom of expression.&#8221; <\/p> <p>What was enough, in the Court&#8217;s view? <i>Tinker <\/i>set the standard: Speech can be suppressed <u>when school officials can reasonably forecast that student expression would create a substantial disruption or material interference with school activitiesofficials or invade the rights of others<\/u>. The line is clear: These concrete, specific predictions are sufficient; undifferentiated fear is not. <\/p> <p>\tUnfortunately, &#8220;undifferentiated fear&#8221; is precisely what seems to be motivating school officials in cases like those listed above. Many students have even been punished for art &#8212; for the content of their poems and drawings. In too many instances, this zero tolerance mentality had led to zero judgment. <\/p> <b><\/b><p>When Does Student Expression Cause a &#8220;Substantial Disruption&#8221;?<\/p> <p>In 2002, in <a href=\"https:\/\/caselaw.findlaw.com\/court\/us-9th-circuit\/\" class=\"left-link\" rel=\"noopener\"><i>Lavine v. Blaine School District<\/i><\/a>, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit held that the Tinker standard had been satisfied. In that case, school officials expelled a high-school student who wrote a poem about school violence. <\/p> <p>Why was <i>Tinker<\/i>&#8216;s standard satisfied, according to the court? Given the &#8220;backdrop of actual school shootings,&#8221; the court thought that school officials could reasonably forecast that the poem would constitute a substantial disruption. <\/p> <p>But Judge Andrew Kleinfeld&#8217;s poignant dissent was more persuasive. Her critiqued the majority&#8217;s reasoning as follows: <\/p> <dir> <dir> <p>They [students] have lost their free-speech rights. If a teacher, administrator, or student finds their art disturbing, they can be punished, even though they say nothing disruptive, defamatory or indecent and do not intend to threaten or harm anyone. School officials may now subordinate their students&#8217; freedom of expression, where no one may be made uncomfortable by the knowledge that others have dark thoughts, and all the art is of hearts and smiley faces. The court has adopted a new doctrine of First Amendment law, that high school students may be punished for non-threatening speech that administrators believe may indicate that the speaker is emotionally disturbed and therefore dangerous. <\/p> <\/dir> <\/dir> <p>\tAfter all, exactly what kind of disruption did the school officials forecast? Did they believe other students might become afraid of the poem-writing student because of the poem? If so, that sounds like exactly the kind of undifferentiated fear that Tinker says <u>cannot<\/u> be a ground for suppressing student speech. <\/p> <b><\/b><p>When Does Student Expression Count as a &#8220;True Threat&#8221;? <\/p>  <p>Meanwhile, there is another crucial precedent, besides <i>Tinker<\/i>, that is also invoked, and often misapplied, by school officials who seek to suppress student speech. It is <a href=\"https:\/\/caselaw.findlaw.com\/court\/us-supreme-court\/394\/705.html\" class=\"left-link\" rel=\"noopener\"><i>Watts v. United States<\/i> <\/a>&#8212; a decision that, like <i>Tinker<\/i>, was issued in 1969. <\/p> <p>In <i>Watts<\/i>, a young man who said &#8220;if they ever make me carry a rifle, the first man I want in my sights is L.B.J.&#8221; was convicted of a crime. But the court determined that the young man&#8217;s statement was mere &#8220;political hyperbole,&#8221; not a true threat &#8212; and was therefore protected by the First Amendment. <\/p> <p>Then what kind of statement would be a &#8220;true threat&#8221;? Unfortunately, the Court did not make that clear. Accordingly, lower courts have adopted different &#8220;true threat&#8221; tests. <\/p> <b><\/b><p>The Various &#8220;True Threat&#8221; Tests, and Some Recent &#8220;True Threat&#8221; Cases<\/p>  <p>In setting out their &#8220;true threat&#8221; standard, some of these courts focus on a reasonable recipient of the statement: Would that person perceive a true threat? <\/p> <p>Others focus on how a reasonable speaker should foresee that others would take her statements: Should she foresee her statements will be perceived as a true threat? <\/p> <p>\tThe U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit has devised a complex multi-factor &#8220;true threat&#8221; test, set out in the 2002 decision in <a href=\"https:\/\/caselaw.findlaw.com\/court\/us-8th-circuit\/1481385.html\" class=\"left-link\" rel=\"noopener\"><i>Doe v. Pulaski County Special Sch. Dist<\/i><\/a>. Under this test, school officials should focus on factors including: (1) the reaction of the listener and other recipients; (2) whether the threat was conditional; (3) whether the speaker communicated the statement(s) directly to the recipient; (4) whether the speaker had a history of making threats; (5) whether the recipient knew the speaker had a propensity for violence. <\/p> <p>But whatever verbal formulation is used, judges in &#8220;true threat&#8221; cases ask more or less the same questions: Does the speech, understood in context, carries a specific and unequivocal statement of harm? Or is it more properly characterized as mere joking, idle talk or political argument? <\/p> <p>\tIn answering these questions, context is often important. That was the case, for example, in the February 12 decision by the Washington Supreme Court in <a href=\"https:\/\/caselaw.findlaw.com\/court\/washington.html\" class=\"left-link\" rel=\"noopener\"><i>State of Washington v. Kilburn<\/i><\/a>. <\/p> <p>There, a student was convicted of felony harassment for telling a fellow student: &#8220;I&#8217;m going to bring a gun to school tomorrow and shoot everyone and start with you.&#8221; In reversing the conviction, the court focused on context &#8212; and, in particular, on the fact that the student was laughing and joking when he made the comment. The recipient even admitted that the student-speaker was &#8220;acting like he was kind of joking.&#8221;<\/p> <p>Context also mattered to the Louisiana federal district court judge&#8217;s January 28 ruling in <a href=\"http:\/\/www.lamd.uscourts.gov\/\" class=\"left-link\" rel=\"noopener\"><i>Porter v. Ascension Parish School Board<\/i><\/a>. There, a student&#8217;s two-year-old sketch of his school &#8212; soaked in gasoline surrounded by an individual with a torch and a missile &#8212; was discovered two years after he had created it, when his younger brother brought it in. The student himself had not showed anyone the drawing, nor had he brought the sketch to school. <\/p> <p>Nevertheless, the court found a &#8220;true threat.&#8221; In so doing, the court relied on &#8220;backdrop&#8221; of Columbine &#8212; presumably believing that after Columbine, students ought to be on notice that specific depictions of attacks against their school will be read as true threats. <\/p> <p>Granted, reasonable minds can differ as to whether this ruling was correct. But this drawing is hardly typical of those that have usually resulted in punishment. None of the examples listed above were anywhere near as specific or threatening as this drawing<\/p> <p>&#8212; yet they too still led to penalties against the students involved.<\/p> <b><\/b><p>Silencing Students Is a Mistake <\/p>  <p>Of course, student safety should be a paramount concern. And school officials have a duty to ensure safe learning environments. <\/p> <p>Nevertheless, as the cases I have listed show, the push to silence and punish student expression has led to some very unjust results. Students have been suspended and expelled for classroom essays and poems &#8212; sometimes regardless of the fact that these writings and artworks were not intended for anyone else&#8217;s eyes but their own. <\/p> <p>\tThis trend toward silencing student expression is the wrong response. As Judge Kleinfeold wrote in <i>Lavine<\/i>: &#8220;Suppression of speech may reduce security as well as liberty.&#8221; A cowed student body is not the safest kind. <\/p> \n\n\n<\/span>\n\n<hr size=\"1\">\n<p class=\"authorfoot\">\n\n<!-- BEGIN AUTHORS FOOTNOTE -->\n<a name=\"bio\"><\/a>\nDavid L. Hudson, Jr. is a research attorney at the First Amendment Center in Nashville, Tennessee. He is the author of several books for young people about the Constitution and the First Amendment. His upcoming book The Silencing of Student Voices is scheduled to be released by the First Amendment Center later this month. For more details on the &#8220;undifferentiated fear&#8221; issue, see David L. Hudson, Jr., Fear of Violence in Our Schools: Is &#8216;Undifferentiated Fear&#8217; in the Age of Columbine Leading to a Suppression of Student Speech? 42 Washburn L.J. 79 (2002). For those interested in consulting the Richards\/Calvert law review article, the title and citation are: Columbine Fallout: The Long-Term Effects on Free-Expression Take Hold in Public Schools, 83 Boston Univ. L.R. 1089, 1091 (2003). \n<br><br>\n\n<\/p><div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                value=\"yes\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">Yes<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g id=\"thumbs-up\" clip-path=\"url(#clip0_604_3418)\">\n                        <path id=\"Vector\"\n                              d=\"M6 21H3C2.46957 21 1.96086 20.7893 1.58579 20.4142C1.21071 20.0391 1 19.5304 1 19V12C1 11.4696 1.21071 10.9609 1.58579 10.5858C1.96086 10.2107 2.46957 10 3 10H6M13 8V4C13 3.20435 12.6839 2.44129 12.1213 1.87868C11.5587 1.31607 10.7956 1 10 1L6 10V21H17.28C17.7623 21.0055 18.2304 20.8364 18.5979 20.524C18.9654 20.2116 19.2077 19.7769 19.28 19.3L20.66 10.3C20.7035 10.0134 20.6842 9.72068 20.6033 9.44225C20.5225 9.16382 20.3821 8.90629 20.1919 8.68751C20.0016 8.46873 19.7661 8.29393 19.5016 8.17522C19.2371 8.0565 18.9499 7.99672 18.66 8H13Z\"\n                              stroke=\"#666666\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\"\n                              stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><\/path>\n                    <\/g>\n                    <defs>\n                        <clipPath id=\"clip0_604_3418\">\n                            <rect width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"white\"><\/rect>\n                        <\/clipPath>\n                    <\/defs>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/i>\n        <\/button>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"No\"\n                value=\"no\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">No<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g id=\"thumbs-down\" clip-path=\"url(#clip0_604_3423)\">\n                        <path id=\"Vector\"\n                              d=\"M16 0.999995H18.67C19.236 0.989986 19.7859 1.18813 20.2154 1.55681C20.645 1.9255 20.9242 2.43905 21 3V10C20.9242 10.5609 20.645 11.0745 20.2154 11.4432C19.7859 11.8119 19.236 12.01 18.67 12H16M9.00003 14V18C9.00003 18.7956 9.3161 19.5587 9.87871 20.1213C10.4413 20.6839 11.2044 21 12 21L16 12V0.999995H4.72003C4.2377 0.994543 3.76965 1.16359 3.40212 1.47599C3.0346 1.78839 2.79235 2.22309 2.72003 2.7L1.34003 11.7C1.29652 11.9866 1.31586 12.2793 1.39669 12.5577C1.47753 12.8362 1.61793 13.0937 1.80817 13.3125C1.99842 13.5313 2.23395 13.7061 2.49846 13.8248C2.76297 13.9435 3.05012 14.0033 3.34003 14H9.00003Z\"\n                              stroke=\"#666666\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\n                    <\/g>\n                    <defs>\n                        <clipPath id=\"clip0_604_3423\">\n                            <rect width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"white\"\/>\n                        <\/clipPath>\n                    <\/defs>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/i>\n        <\/button>\n    <\/div>\n    <span class=\"was-this-helpful__taken-action fl-text-sm-bold\"><\/span>\n    <div class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-container\">\n        <div class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message\" role=\"status\">\n            <p class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message-text\"><\/p>\n        <\/div>\n        <form class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-form\">\n            <div class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback was-this-helpful__feedback--positive\">\n                <fieldset>\n                    <legend class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Why was this helpful?<\/legend>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--understandable\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"positive-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Easy to understand\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--understandable\"\n                        >Easy to understand<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--solved-problem\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"positive-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Solved my problem\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--solved-problem\"\n                        >Solved my problem<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--other\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"positive-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Other\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--other\"\n                        >Other<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/fieldset>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback was-this-helpful__feedback--negative\">\n                <fieldset>\n                    <legend class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Why was this not helpful?<\/legend>\n                    <div class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message\" role=\"status\">\n                        <p class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message-text\"><\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--missing-info\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Missing Information\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--missing-info\"\n                        >Missing the information I need<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--complicated\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Too complicated\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--complicated\"\n                        >Too complicated \/ too many steps<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--dated\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Out of date\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--dated\"\n                        >Out of date<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--negative-other\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Other\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--negative-other\"\n                        >Other<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/fieldset>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"was-this-helpful__form-buttons-container\">\n                <button\n                    class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-button was-this-helpful__feedback-button--positive at-feedback-submit fl-button secondary\"\n                    type=\"submit\"\n                >\n                    <span class=\"fl-button-content\">Submit<\/span>\n                    <i\n                        class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\"\n                        aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                    ><\/i>\n                <\/button>\n                <button\n                    class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-button was-this-helpful__feedback-button--cancel fl-button primary disabled\"\n                    type=\"reset\"\n                >\n                    <span class=\"fl-button-content\">Cancel<\/span>\n                    <i\n                        class=\"fa fa-times-circle medium\"\n                        aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                    ><\/i>\n                <\/button>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/form>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message\" role=\"status\">\n        <i class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message-icon fa fa-check\"><\/i>\n        <p class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message-text\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-block-column fl-section-sidebar\">\n        \n    <\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"parent":49876,"menu_order":0,"template":"app\/Http\/Controllers\/Templates\/ArticlePageController.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_stopmodifiedupdate":false,"_modified_date":"","_cloudinary_featured_overwrite":false},"class_list":["post-53077","supreme","type-supreme","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/supreme.findlaw.com\/legal-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/supreme\/53077","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/supreme.findlaw.com\/legal-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/supreme"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/supreme.findlaw.com\/legal-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/supreme"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/supreme.findlaw.com\/legal-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/supreme\/49876"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/supreme.findlaw.com\/legal-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=53077"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}