{"id":54792,"date":"2021-04-22T09:43:54","date_gmt":"2021-04-22T14:43:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-legal\/supreme\/supreme-court-insights\/sentencing-guidelines-under-blakely-v-washington.html"},"modified":"2021-04-22T09:43:54","modified_gmt":"2021-04-22T14:43:54","slug":"sentencing-guidelines-under-blakely-v-washington","status":"publish","type":"supreme","link":"https:\/\/supreme.findlaw.com\/supreme-court-insights\/sentencing-guidelines-under-blakely-v-washington.html","title":{"rendered":"Sentencing Guidelines Under Blakely v. Washington"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7  fl-block-columns fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-page-articles   fl-block-column fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\">\n        <h1 class=\"fl-no-margin-top\">Sentencing Guidelines Under Blakely v. Washington<\/h1>\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/laura-temme-esq\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Laura Temme, Esq.<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/joseph-fawbush-esq\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Joseph Fawbush, Esq.<\/a>\n                | Last updated\n        <time>\n                            April 22, 2021\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\" rel=\"noopener\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\" rel=\"noopener\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\" rel=\"noopener\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n    <div class=\"fl-callout-text article-blockquote\">\n        <p>In 2004, the Supreme Court&#8217;s decision in&nbsp;<i>Blakely v. Washington<\/i>&nbsp;raised questions about sentencing guidelines all over the United States.<\/p>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n<p>Judges use sentencing guidelines to determine the proper punishment for various crimes. Many state legislatures also gave judges the right to go outside the guidelines in certain types of cases. But, in 2004, the Supreme Court held this practice went against a defendant&#8217;s constitutional rights.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Constitutional Rights at Issue<\/h2>\r\n<p>The Sixth Amendment guarantees that all criminal defendants have the right to a \u201cspeedy and public trial&#8221; by an impartial jury. In addition, the Fourteenth Amendment protects against deprivation of liberty without due process of law. Together, these rights protect criminal defendants from unwarranted criminal punishment. In\u00a0<i>Blakely<\/i>\u00a0and\u00a0<i>Apprendi v. New Jersey<\/i>\u00a0four years earlier, the Supreme Court had to decide if the right to a jury trial extended to sentencing.<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/constitution.findlaw.com\/amendment6.html\" rel=\"noopener\">More on the Sixth Amendment<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/constitution.findlaw.com\/amendment14.html\" rel=\"noopener\">More on the Fourteenth Amendment<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>Background:\u00a0<i>Apprendi v. New Jersey<\/i><\/h2>\r\n<p>Before looking closely at the\u00a0<i>Blakely<\/i>\u00a0decision, it&#8217;s important to understand another Supreme Court case that came four years before. In 2000, the Supreme Court decided\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/caselaw.findlaw.com\/court\/us-supreme-court\/530\/466.html\" rel=\"noopener\"><i>Apprendi v. New Jersey<\/i><\/a>, which paved the way for the Blakely decision. In\u00a0<i>Apprendi<\/i>, a New Jersey hate crime statute provided for an enhanced sentence if the trial judge found, by a \u201cpreponderance of the evidence,&#8221; that the defendant committed the crime with the purpose of intimidating a person or group because of race.<\/p>\r\n<p>Apprendi argued that allowing a judge, and not a jury, to determine whether the crime was racially motivated violated his Sixth Amendment rights. The Supreme Court agreed, holding that:<\/p>\r\n<p>\u201c[A]ny fact, other than the fact of a prior conviction, that increases the penalty for a crime beyond the statutory maximum must be submitted to a jury and proven beyond a reasonable doubt.&#8221;<\/p>\r\n<p>The Court reasoned that taken together, the Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments guaranteed a criminal defendant \u201ca jury determination that he is guilty of every element of the crime with which he is charged.&#8221; So, any factors that might affect the penalty for a crime must be submitted to a jury and proved beyond a reasonable doubt. This set the stage for\u00a0<i>Blakely v. Washington<\/i>, where a criminal defendant asked the Supreme Court to apply its new rule not just to one criminal statute \u2013 but to a state&#8217;s sentencing guidelines as a whole.<\/p>\r\n<h2><i>Blakely v. Washington<\/i>\u00a0Case Summary<\/h2>\r\n<p>Blakely was convicted of second-degree kidnapping, a charge that came with a maximum 10-year sentence under state law. But, Washington sentencing guidelines provided a standard range of 49-53 months (just over four years) for someone committing the same crime and with a similar criminal history. The guidelines also included a general departure standard where judges could impose a more severe sentence if they found there were \u201csubstantial and compelling reasons justifying an exceptional sentence.&#8221;<\/p>\r\n<p>Using the general departure standard, the judge sentenced Blakely to seven and a half years after finding he had acted with \u201cdeliberate cruelty.&#8221;<\/p>\r\n<p>Before\u00a0<i>Blakely,<\/i>\u00a0most lawyers and judges read the Supreme Court&#8217;s decision in Apprendi to mean that \u201cstatutory maximum&#8221; referred to the maximum sentence imposed by the state statute. However, the Court clarified that it was the standard sentence that mattered. So, even though the judge in\u00a0<i>Blakely<\/i>\u00a0had not gone outside the statutory maximum of 10 years, the sentencing still violated the defendant&#8217;s Sixth Amendment right to a jury trial:<\/p>\r\n<p>\u201c[T]he relevant &#8216;statutory maximum&#8217; is not the maximum sentence a judge may impose after finding additional facts, but the maximum he may impose\u00a0<i>without<\/i>\u00a0any additional findings.&#8221;<\/p>\r\n<h2>The Impact of Blakely<\/h2>\r\n<p>The\u00a0<i>Blakely<\/i>\u00a0decision put question marks on sentencing guidelines across the country. Many states had guidelines that included recommended sentences below the statutory maximum. Most had a mechanism for judges to depart from the guidelines where they saw fit.\u00a0<i>Blakely<\/i>\u00a0called the validity of all these systems into question, and many were found unconstitutional \u2013 including the Federal Sentencing Guidelines.<\/p>\r\n<p>In\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/caselaw.findlaw.com\/court\/us-supreme-court\/543\/220.html\" rel=\"noopener\"><i>U.S. v. Booker<\/i><\/a><i>\u00a0<\/i>the following year, the Supreme Court held that several aspects of the Federal Sentencing Guidelines were unconstitutional under\u00a0<i>Blakely<\/i>. However, instead of declaring the guidelines completely void, the Court opted to declare them advisory rather than mandatory.<\/p>\r\n<h2>What Is a Blakely Motion?<\/h2>\r\n<p>Prosecutors will sometimes refer to \u201c<i>Blakely<\/i>\u00a0factors&#8221; or a \u201c<i>Blakely<\/i>\u00a0motion&#8221; in a criminal case. This means they intend to pursue a sentence longer than what the state law suggests.\u00a0<i>Blakely<\/i>\u00a0factors are facts the prosecution would use to justify such a sentence. For example, they might argue a conviction for a violent crime calls for a longer sentence if the defendant committed the crime in front of a child. Or if the defendant was in a position of power, such as a police officer, they might argue that the crime committed was an abuse of governmental authority.<\/p>\r\n<p>If the prosecution makes a\u00a0<i>Blakely<\/i>\u00a0motion, that means they are asking for a jury to determine whether there were aggravating factors at play in the case. Defendants can also waive their rights under\u00a0<i>Blakely<\/i>\u00a0and allow the judge in their case to determine the validity of any alleged aggravating factors.<\/p>\r\n<p>Read the entire decision from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/caselaw.findlaw.com\/court\/us-supreme-court\/542\/296.html\" rel=\"noopener\"><i>Blakely v. Washington<\/i><\/a>\u00a0on FindLaw&#8217;s Cases &amp; Codes.<\/p>\r\n<h3>Related Resources:<\/h3>\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/supreme.findlaw.com\/supreme-court-insights\/miranda-v-arizona-case-summary-what-you-need-to-know.html\">Miranda v. Arizona: Why You Have the Right to Remain Silent<\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/supreme.findlaw.com\/supreme-court-insights\/gideon-v--wainwright-case-summary--what-you-need-to-know.html\">Gideon v. Wainwright: The Right to a Public Defender<\/a><\/p>\r\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                value=\"yes\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">Yes<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g id=\"thumbs-up\" clip-path=\"url(#clip0_604_3418)\">\n                        <path id=\"Vector\"\n                          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